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In
practice, the performance of Cordin cameras depends on the
particular requirements and conditions of the application.
However, three major factors are generally significant in
selecting a camera.
RECORDING
RATE
The
recording rate of a camera indicates how fast a record is
produced. This determines the minimum time-related change
in the subject distinguishable on the record.
Framing
rates are quantified in frames per second (fps) for mechanical
cameras. The reciprocal, interframe time, indicates the time
between frames, and is more often used for electronic imaging
cameras. Framing rates for mechanical cameras extend up to
25 million fps. Electronic imaging cameras have interframe
times down to 100 nanoseconds.
Recording
rates for mechanical streak cameras (also called writing
rate) are measured in millimeters per microsecond (mm/ms).
Values extend up to 30 mm/ms. The reciprocal is used for Electronic
Imaging cameras, and is measured in nanoseconds per millimeter
(ns/mm) or picoseconds per millimeter (ps/mm). Rates as fast
as 10 ps/mm are available.
RESOLUTION
The
resolution of a camera is quantified as spatial resolution
or temporal resolution. Spatial resolution is considered for
framing cameras, and is measured in units of line pairs per
millimeter (lp/mm). This defines the number of distinct pairs
of lines that can be resolved within a millimeter of the film.
Resolution values for framing cameras range from 12 to 68
lp/mm.
Streak
cameras are rated by temporal resolution. This is measured
in units of seconds, and defines the interval of time within
which two discrete events can be distinguished. Values range
from 0.4 microseconds down to 1.4 picoseconds or less.
Effective
resolution depends both on the optical characteristics of
the camera and the inherent resolution of the film. Even at
higher recording rates, the resolution of many Cordin cameras
is sufficiently high that the maximum resolution of the film
is the limiting factor.
SENSITIVITY
The
sensitivity of film cameras is reported in the aperture or
f-number of a camera, which is a measure of the light gathering
ability of the optical system. The aperture of a camera in
combination with the exposure time and film speed will determine
how much light is required for a good exposure. Lower f-numbers
denote more light-efficient cameras and allow greater flexibility
in exposure time and film speed. Apertures of Cordin mechanical
cameras range from f/4 to f/36.
The
sensitivity of electronic imaging cameras is more complex.
Electronic imaging cameras are able to amplify the image by
large amounts and thus aperture numbers are less important
in obtaining correct image intensity. Sensitivity of streak
cameras depends on the photocathode material and gain of the
intensifiers. Sensitivity of CCD cameras depends on the optical
system and the quantum efficiency of the imaging device. A
practical quantification of the sensitivity of these devices
is the equivalent ISO number.
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